1. Use of IMRD structure (from introduction, methodology, results to discussion)
Function: To scaffold the research process/ To allow the audience to understand the rationale behind the study by following the footsteps of the researcher
2. Greeting the audience at the beginning
Function: As a gesture of politeness
Example: “Good afternoon.”
3. Self-introduction at the beginning
Function: To allow the audience to know more about the presenters’ background.
Example: “I am Peter. I am a Year 2 undergraduate majoring in psychology.”
4. Incorporation of an anecdote at the beginning
Function: To capture the audience’s attention and arouse their interest in the presentation Example: “When I was a freshman, I had my lunch in the school canteen. Afterwards, I felt seriously ill and was sent to the hospital. Since then, I’ve never bought any food in the school canteen.”
5. Stating the contribution made by the research in the introduction
Function: To demonstrate the value of the research and intensify the audience’s interest in the presentation.
Example: “This study fills the research gap by shedding light on the reasons why incorporating games in college classrooms could increase students’ learning motivation. It also suggests how teachers may engage their students through gamification.”
6. Restating the contribution made by the research in the conclusion
Function: To emphasize the significance of the research/ To increase the sense of completeness
Example: “To conclude, this study has successfully illuminated the reasons why incorporating games in college classrooms could increase students’ learning motivation. It also gives teachers new ideas about how to engage students in the classroom.”
7. Demonstration of appreciation at the end
Function: To express the presenters’ appreciation for the audience’s interest and attention.
Example: “Thank you very much.”
