A new system for testing food safety developed by an interdisciplinary research team at City University of Hong Kong (CityU) can rapidly detect contaminants in food in ten minutes with concentrations of less than 0.2ppm (parts per million). 

The new sensor, which can be operated via mobile phone apps, offers rapid and accurate measurements of harmful elements that might be present in some food items such as seafood and meat. With a prototype already in operation, the cost of detecting contaminants is expected to fall. 

“We expect the system to be used by the public and private sectors. It can help government departments to monitor food quality and assist supermarkets in testing food on spot,” said Dr Roy Vellaisamy, Associate Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE), who is leading the project. 

The project, titled “Rapid test technology and commercialisation of nano-sensor for detection of chemical contaminants in seafood”, has already attracted a great deal of commercial interest. 

It was selected as “Demonstrative Project of Innovative Development for Marine Economy under the National 13th Five-Year Plan” and received a grant worth RMB20 million from the Ministry of Finance, State Oceanic Administration and Xiamen Innov Electronics Tech Co., Ltd. (Xminnov). 

The sensor has been designed to detect histamine and formaldehyde, contaminants commonly found in seafood and meat. The existence of histamine indicates food decay because it is generated when bacteria grows in food. Formaldehyde is an illegal additive used in seafood as preservatives and is hazardous to human’s health. 

The sensor makes food testing convenient because conventional tests for histamine and formaldehyde take about one day in a laboratory. But the handy CityU sensor can act as a rapid test to screen the food samples on the spot using a mobile phone and identify the presence of histamine and formaldehyde in 10 to 25 minutes. 

The novel on-site detection method is based on the selective bonding interaction in vapour and liquid phase to detect biogenic amines such as histamine. “Each contaminant (analyte) has a specific bonding nature to a particular receptor. By using a chip that contains a specific receptor, the new sensor can indicate the existence and concentration of the target contaminant,” Dr Vellaisamy explained. 

CityU’s sensor chip which is made of functional polymer thin film can detect up to 100 ppm for histamine, and for formaldehyde it can be 0.2ppm. This level of detection complies with the standard set by international monitoring bodies such as the World Health Organization and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 

This project also makes use of the technology of Internet of Things (IoT) such as RFID labels to store the data of random food tests on the cloud for tracking and management purposes. 

Professor Michael Hon-wah Lam from the Department of Chemistry, who is also the research member, explains that since both histamine and formaldehyde are soluble in the water, a user can simply take one gram or required amount of food sample into water and mix it. By dripping the solution onto the sensor which is operated through a mobile apps, the testing result will be quickly sent to the mobile phone. 

He adds that the system can be easily operated by laymen. And it aims to provide a handy and reliable quick test for food suppliers, supermarkets, restaurants or even household users, to enhance monitoring of food safety, rather than replacing the conventional laboratory test. Once the food sample is found contaminated, it can then be sent to a laboratory for further testing and follow-up actions. 

The project is a collaborative effort between CityU, Xminnov, the Fisheries College of Jimei University and the Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of China Customs (Xiamen) Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau. The background research work was funded by the Innovation Technology Commission of the Hong Kong SAR government. 

The other members of the CityU’s research team are Senior Research Associate Mr Chi-chung Yeung from Department of Chemistry, and MSE PhD student Shishir Venkatesh.