Turkey and the Caucasus 

Ceremonial arms and armour of Ottoman Turkey and the Caucasus region stand as exquisite examples of the fusion of artistry, tradition, and martial prowess. At the grand courts of the Ottoman Empire (1299–1922), ceremonial arms symbolised prestige, power, and cultural heritage in royal ceremonies. Extravagantly decorated swords, used in the investiture of Ottoman sultans, showcased the empire's opulence. Ottoman rulers and princes spared no expense in crafting these arms, adorned with intricate engravings, gemstones, and ornate patterns, highlighting both splendour and craftsmanship. Amongst the most iconic of these ceremonial weapons was the yataghan, characterised by its forward-curving blade and distinctive pommel. It served not only as a favoured sidearm for Ottoman soldiers, including the sultan's elite force, the Janissaries, but also as a symbol of authority and bravery. It was often gifted to soldiers for acts of valour and to dignitaries as a mark of honour, reflecting its military and ceremonial importance.


The Caucasus region boasts its own rich tradition of ceremonial arms. In the rugged landscapes of the Caucasus, where warrior cultures thrived, weapons held profound significance in both ceremonial and everyday life. The region's diverse ethnic groups, including the Circassians, Georgians, and Armenians, crafted distinctive weapons that reflected their unique cultural identities and martial traditions. Amongst these, the kindjal, a short double-edged dagger with an ornate hilt and intricately decorated scabbard, stands out as a revered ceremonial weapon. Kindjals were treasured as family heirlooms, worn by warriors to symbolise honour and valour, and featured prominently in social customs, including weddings. Like Ottoman arms, those of the Caucasus blend martial legacy with cultural heritage, embodying rich social and artistic traditions.
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Ceremonial sword and scabbard
Hilt, crossguard, scabbard: Turkey; Ottoman period (1299–1922), 19th century
Blade: France; 19th century
Steel, tortoise shell, gilt copper, silver, niello, metal-wrapped thread
Mengdiexuan Collection