North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula 

Ceremonial arms and armour in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula were integral to tribal communities, symbolising honour, status, masculinity, and identity. In Morocco, these objects reflect a blend of Berber heritage with Arab, European, and Islamic influences. Elaborately decorated, they hold significant roles in Berber cultural ceremonies, tribal gatherings, religious rituals, and celebrations like weddings, representing prestige, ancestral lineage, and social ranking.

Berber tribes traditionally crafted weapons and armour from local materials such as leather, wood, and metal, featuring distinctive designs with geometric patterns, tribal motifs, inscriptions, and protective symbols. These pieces often incorporated precious or semi-precious stones for their talismanic properties, which were believed to safeguard the wearer from illness, adversity, and harm.

In the Arabian Peninsula, tribal traditions and customs also played a significant role in the production and use of ceremonial arms and armour. Crafted using ancestral techniques, these weapons bore distinctive designs reflecting tribal identities and allegiances. Worn as part of traditional attire, they symbolised not only rank but also the right to defend one’s tribe, heritage, and family honour. Beyond personal significance, ceremonial arms were exchanged as diplomatic gifts, as well as used in weddings and other cultural rituals to signify alliances and goodwill. They also played prominent roles in other ceremonies, such as funerals and religious processions, where they served as focal points of attention and reverence. The display of ornate weapons and armour during public events and festivals reinforced cultural identity and pride, showcasing the martial heritage and traditions of the region.

Sabiki and scabbard
Turkey; Ottoman period (1299–1922), 19th century
Steel, gilt copper, gold, velvet, wood
Mengdiexuan Collection