The optoelectronic behaviors including light-emitting, lasing, and photovoltaic actions are essentially controlled by electron-phonon coupling, spin-orbital coupling, and chirality of excited states. The recent experimental studies have shown abnormal electron-phonon coupling, unconventional spin-orbital coupling, and chiral excitons in organic molecules, 2D-perovskites and chiral structures. This presentation will report the effects of these abnormal phenomena on light-emitting, lasing, and photovoltaic properties.