A modular, miniaturised and flexible sweat-sensing device

Large-scale healthy monitoring for people living in remote areas with no medical services has humanitarian significance. Sweat testing enables rapid, in-situ and noninvasive healthcare, avoiding pain and cross-infection by blood testing. However, the marketization of simple, mass customised, power-free and reusable sweat sensors has developed slowly and is impractical. Our miniaturised, modular, skin-interfaced sweat-sensing device is designed for large-scale healthy monitoring. The flexible microfluidics integrate a detachable biosensor, enabling multianalytes (e.g., Na, K, and glucose) detection in sweat by portable laser-based spectroscopy (NELIBS and SERS), and continuous monitoring is implemented by a replaceable biosensor. The analytical results indicate that the biosensor is highly accurate and reliable. On-body tests with machine learning, performed on healthy people and patients, demonstrated excellent capability in disease diagnostics. A mass-produced customised sweat-sensing device will robustly promote humanitarian aid and wellness in the world.