This course aims to:  arouse the curiosity of participants about the fundamental and necessary features of a fair and just system of criminal justice;    encourage participants to explore and discover for themselves what are the requirements for and the features of a fundamentally "fair" and "just" criminal justice process in Hong Kong and other countries; provide participants with the ability to critically analyse and explain the workings of the criminal justice agencies and institutions (Department of Justice, police and the courts) in Hong Kong and how they work to protect freedoms and rights of Hong Kong citizens ;raise participants' critical awareness of the difference between the "theory" and the practice of protection of basic rights of citizens caught up in the criminal justice process in Hong Kong and other jurisdictions. The treatment of vulnerable persons (children) and other persons caught up in the criminal process will be studied. provide, by case study and discussion, an understanding of what conduct ought to be labelled "criminal" whilst appreciating that there are cultural differences to take into account. This adds to the student's ability to apply his or her ethical awareness to important issues in our society. The student, by enquiry and discovery, develops an understanding of the important legal, moral, ethical and social foundations of systems of criminal justice. provide participants with skills in logical analysis and in presenting oral and written arguments.