Bioinstrumentation, owing to numerous applications in global healthcare, has dramatically impacted the way we live. This course will provide a coherent and comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts, working principles, design underpinning the bioinstrumentation systems, in the context with contemporary applications in engineering and medicine. Various approaches to model, analyse, and optimize the bioinstrumentation systems at different length scales will be covered. Some specific topics such as unobtrusive sensing, wearable devices, blood pressure measuring devices, cardiac pacemakers, defibrillators, cochlear implant, etc will be discussed. The challenges facing the current bioinstrumentation systems and inspiration from the nature for the design of new bioinstrumentation will be addressed as well.